Figure 1.Scoring methods for plant-based diet indices

+means higher intakes receive higher scores; - means higher intakes receive lower scores
1. Healthful plant food group (n=7): whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, tea & coffee
2. Unhealthful plant food group (n=5): fruit juices , refined grains, potatoes, sugar-sweetened beverage, sweets and desserts
3. Animal Food Group (n=6): animal fat, dairy, egg, fish or seafood, meat (red, processed meat, poultry), miscellaneous animal-based foods

Figure 2. Illustration of simulated main and validation study

Figure 3. Spearman correlation matrix between plant-based diet

indices and their scoring components, using the FFQ2

Figure 4. Scatter plots with calibration coeffients of estimates

from the average of the two dietary records against FFQ 2 estimates A: Plots for three plant-based diet indices
B: Plots for scoring components of plant-based diet

Figure 5.Percentage of bias in estimated OR before correcting for measurement error

Figure 6.RMSE in beta estimates before and after correcting for measurement error

Coverage probability of beta estimates before and after correcting for measurement error

Coverage probability of beta estimates before and after correcting for measurement error

Figure 7.Coverage probability of beta estimates before and after

correcting for measurement error

Figure 8.Percentage of bias in estimated OR before and after correcting for measurement error

Table1. Summary statistics of the dietary exposures derived from FFQs and dietary records

X. pdi hpdi updi hplant uplant tplant animal
(N=742) (N=742) (N=742) (N=742) (N=742) (N=742) (N=742)
FFQ1 53.0 [6.46] 54.5 [7.58] 53.9 [8.04] 20.5 [5.27] 14.2 [4.41] 34.8 [7.13] 17.8 [4.16]
  Missing 17 (2.3%) 17 (2.3%) 17 (2.3%) 17 (2.3%) 17 (2.3%) 17 (2.3%) 17 (2.3%)
FFQ2 52.8 [6.52] 54.5 [7.95] 53.9 [7.97] 20.5 [5.34] 14.2 [4.52] 34.6 [7.34] 18.2 [4.06]
DR_wk1 53.5 [6.57] 55.3 [7.53] 53.5 [7.95] 21.0 [5.12] 14.1 [3.71] 35.0 [5.92] 17.6 [3.88]
  Missing 4 (0.5%) 4 (0.5%) 4 (0.5%) 4 (0.5%) 4 (0.5%) 4 (0.5%) 4 (0.5%)
DR_wk2 53.6 [6.40] 54.4 [7.36] 53.8 [7.57] 20.9 [5.00] 14.6 [3.65] 35.5 [5.85] 17.9 [3.63]
  Missing 7 (0.9%) 7 (0.9%) 7 (0.9%) 7 (0.9%) 7 (0.9%) 7 (0.9%) 7 (0.9%)

Table2. Reproducibility and validity results

vararible ICC_FFQs ICC_DRs validity_FFQ2
pdi 0.69 0.57 0.47
hpdi 0.77 0.56 0.63
updi 0.73 0.62 0.61
hplant 0.76 0.68 0.55
uplant 0.77 0.50 0.48
tplant 0.76 0.61 0.40
animal 0.54 0.50 0.30